Effects of Glyphosate and Its Metabolite AMPA on Aquatic Organisms

Glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine) was developed in the early 1970s and at present is used as a herbicide to kill broadleaf weeds grass. The widely occurring degradation product aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) result of glyphosate amino-polyphosphonate degradation. massive use parent compound leads ubiquity AMPA environment, particularly water. Considering this, it can be assumed that its major metabolites could pose potential risk aquatic organisms. This review summarizes current knowledge about residual metabolite including status toxic effects organisms, mainly fish. Based on above, we identify gaps some directions for future research worldwide AMPA. effect has influenced growth, development, oxidative stress biomarkers, antioxidant enzymes, haematological, biochemical plasma indices also caused histopathological changes